Andrew Cuomo needs to read and study and perhaps even travel to Italy to talk to Ristori to expand his knowledge.
NY State Healthcare is often of poor quality because life in the US is cheap and is measured simply in the number of dollars that may be extracted from the sick. Good, bad or indifferent treatments abound driven strickly by money!
Hiram Maxim is the favorite MD of the US and the world as his invention has stood the test of time and is used all over the world.
- WriteClick: Editor's Choice
Effects of Bacille Calmette-GuÉrin after the first demyelinating event in the CNS
- Nitin K. Sethi
-
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000452303.37990.ff Neurology July 15, 2014 vol. 83 no. 3 293
- Excerpt
- Full Text
- Full Text (PDF)
Ristori et al.1
reported the benefits of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination
after clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). BCG vaccination
may prevent progression to clinically definite
multiple sclerosis in these patients. In countries like India where
tuberculosis
is endemic, BCG vaccination is administered to all
children any time from birth to 15 days. If administered after 6 months,
a Mantoux test is carried out, and if it is positive,
the vaccine is withheld. Widespread BCG vaccination at birth may explain
the low incidence of multiple sclerosis in the Indian
subcontinent along with other hypotheses: distance from the equator,
Epstein-Barr virus association vs causation, genetics,
and hygiene. A well-designed study could clarify this vaccination
hypothesis.
Author Response
- Giovanni Ristori,
- Silvia Romano,
- Giulia Coarelli,
- Maria Chiara Buscarinu and
- Marco Salvetti
We thank Dr. Sethi for his comments on our article.1 His hypothesis is plausible. Studies have been carried out regarding the association of early BCG vaccination and type 1
diabetes. Protective effects of repetitive vaccinations have been shown in Turkey,2 and an association between BCG vaccine and reduced production of GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies was demonstrated in Southern
India.3
It is unclear how early administration of the BCG vaccine may work over
time and how it may affect autoimmunity prevalence
in children and young adults. It is possible that
early priming with BCG sensitizes this population to environmental
nonpathogenic
mycobacteria that exert long-term immunomodulatory
effects, especially in developing countries. This may represent a sort
of benign exposure to microbes that lacks or is
deficient in the context of Westernization.4 Another possibility is that BCG vaccination could provide protection from mycobacterial triggers and disregulated immune
response to mycobacterial antigens that have been associated with multiple sclerosis.5,6
No comments:
Post a Comment