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Front Immunol. 2013 Dec 23;4:478. eCollection 2013.

TNF Receptor 2 and Disease: Autoimmunity and Regenerative Medicine.

Faustman DL¹, Davis M².

Author information

Abstract

THE REGULATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) EXERTS ITS EFFECTS THROUGH TWO RECEPTORS: TNFR1 and TNFR2. Defects in TNFR2 signaling are evident in a variety of autoimmune diseases. One new treatment strategy for autoimmune disease is selective destruction of autoreactive T cells by administration of TNF, TNF inducers, or TNFR2 agonism. A related strategy is to rely on TNFR2 agonism to induce T-regulatory cells (T_regs) that suppress cytotoxic T cells. Targeting TNFR2 as a treatment strategy is likely superior to TNFR1 because of its more limited cellular distribution on T cells, subsets of neurons, and a few other cell types, whereas TNFR1 is expressed throughout the body. This review focuses on TNFR2 expression, structure, and signaling; TNFR2 signaling in autoimmune disease; treatment strategies targeting TNFR2 in autoimmunity; and the potential for TNFR2 to facilitate end organ regeneration.

KEYWORDS:

TNF, TNF receptor 2, autoimmune disease, regeneration, type 1 diabetes

PMID:

24391650

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

PMCID:

PMC3870411

Free PMC Article