metformin and aspirin achieve safer, better and more inexpensive results than the dope pushed /reported by the New York Times.
see pubmed.org cancer + metformin for many reasons why aspirin and metformin work, work well together and obviously cost you very little.
Drug company drugs value people who pay over science and art.
Open Biol. 2013 Jan 8;3(1):120144. doi: 10.1098/rsob.120144.
Oxidants, antioxidants and the current incurability of metastatic cancers.
Abstract
The
vast majority of all agents used to directly kill cancer cells
(ionizing radiation, most chemotherapeutic agents and some targeted
therapies) work through either directly or indirectly generating
reactive oxygen species that block key steps in the cell cycle. As
mesenchymal cancers evolve from their epithelial cell progenitors, they
almost inevitably possess much-heightened amounts of antioxidants that
effectively block otherwise highly effective oxidant therapies. Also key
to better understanding is why and how the anti-diabetic drug metformin
(the world's most prescribed pharmaceutical product) preferentially
kills oxidant-deficient mesenchymal p53(- -) cells. A much faster
timetable should be adopted towards developing more new drugs effective
against p53(- -) cancers.
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2011;76:155-64. doi: 10.1101/sqb.2011.76.010819. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase: a central regulator of metabolism with roles in diabetes, cancer, and viral infection.
Abstract
Adenosine
monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy
sensor activated by metabolic stresses that inhibit catabolic ATP
production or accelerate ATP consumption. Once activated, AMPK switches
on catabolic pathways, generating ATP, while inhibiting cell growth and
proliferation, thus promoting energy homeostasis. AMPK is activated by
the antidiabetic drug metformin,
and by many natural products including "nutraceuticals" and compounds
used in traditional medicines. Most of these xenobiotics activate AMPK
by inhibiting mitochondrial ATP production. AMPK activation by metabolic
stress requires the upstream kinase, LKB1, whose tumor suppressor
effects may be largely mediated by AMPK. However, many tumor cells
appear to have developed mechanisms to reduce AMPK activation and thus
escape its growth-restraining effects. A similar phenomenon occurs
during viral infection. If we can establish how down-regulation occurs
in tumors and virus-infected cells, there may be therapeutic avenues to
reverse these effects.
Cancer Drugs That Free Brake on Immune System Show Promise for Hodgkin’s
Drugs that free the body’s immune system to fight cancer have shown strong preliminary results in treating Hodgkin’s lymphoma,
shrinking tumors in well over half of patients who had exhausted many
other treatment options, researchers reported on Saturday.
The
drugs have already generated great excitement because of their strong
early results on various so-called solid tumors, particularly melanoma but also lung cancer, kidney cancer
and some others. The results announced on Saturday represent the
strongest evidence to date that the medicines, known as PD-1 inhibitors,
also have promise for at least some of the so-called liquid tumors of
the blood and bone marrow.
In a small study, the drug nivolumab, from Bristol-Myers Squibb,
significantly shrank tumors in 20 of 23 patients, or 87 percent, with
Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Four of the 23 patients, or 17 percent, had a
complete response, meaning the total or near total disappearance of
tumors.
The
Merck drug pembrolizumab shrank tumors in 66 percent of 29 patients
with Hodgkin’s, with 21 percent having a complete response.
Both
studies were Phase 1 trials designed mainly to test safety, so it is
too early to say how effective the drugs will ultimately be or whether
they will prolong lives.
The
results were presented in San Francisco at the annual meeting of the
American Society of Hematology. The nivolumab results were also
published online by The New England Journal of Medicine.
There
will be about 9,200 new cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the United
States this year and 1,200 deaths, according to the American Cancer
Society. The illness, also known as Hodgkin lymphoma or Hodgkin’s
disease, commonly affects young adults. Many are essentially cured, but
about 30 percent either do not respond to initial treatment or
eventually have a relapse.
Dr.
Philippe Armand of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, who presented the
nivolumab results at a news conference, and Dr. Craig H. Moskowitz of
the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, who presented the
pembrolizumab results, said the preliminary findings were very
encouraging because the patients had pretty much exhausted other options
like chemotherapy, the relatively new drug Adcetris — also known as brentuximab vedotin — from Seattle Genetics, and stem cell transplants.
It
is not yet clear how long the effects of the drugs will last, they
said, but in the nivolumab trial, 86 percent of the patients experienced
no worsening of disease for at least six months.
The
drugs can cause some severe side effects, including inflammation of the
pancreas, lung or colon, but the investigators said these were rare. In
the nivolumab trial, five patients, or 22 percent, had a serious side
effect.
Both
drugs block the action of PD-1, which acts as a brake on the immune
system. Many tumor cells activate this brake by making a protein called
PD-L1, which binds to PD-1 on immune system cells. By blocking PD-1, the
drugs release the brake and allow the immune system to work.
Hodgkin’s
lymphoma was thought to be particularly susceptible to these types of
drugs because its cells have a genetic abnormality that leads to a
production of a large amount of PD-L1.
So
the drugs might not work as well for blood cancers that lack this
genetic vulnerability. For the more common non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,
nivolumab shrank tumors significantly in roughly 30 percent of patients,
according to other results being presented at the conference.
Merck’s
drug, which has the brand name Keytruda, won approval from the Food and
Drug Administration in September as a treatment for certain patients
with advanced melanoma. Bristol-Myers Squibb’s drug, known as Opdivo,
was approved in Japan for melanoma and is under review for that use by
the F.D.A.
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